Climate Change and Mountaintop Removal Mining: A MaxEnt Assessment of the Potential Dual Threat to West Virginia Fishes

Accounts of species’ range shifts in response to climate change, most often as latitudinal shifts towards the poles or upslope shifts to higher elevations, are rapidly accumulating. These range shifts are often attributed to species ‘tracking’ their thermal niches as temperatures in their native ranges increase. Our objective was to estimate the degree to which climate change-driven shifts in water temperature may increase the exposure of West Virginia’s native freshwater fishes to mountaintop removal surface coal mining. Mid-century shifts in habitat suitability for nine non-game West Virginia fishes were projected via Maximum Entropy species distribution modeling, using a combination of physical habitat, historical climate conditions, and future climate data. Modeling projections for a high-emissions scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) predict that habitat suitability will increase in high elevation streams for eight of nine species, with marginal increases in habitat suitability ranging from 46-418%. We conclude that many West Virginia fishes will be at risk of increased exposure to mountaintop removal surface coal mining if climate change continues at a rapid pace

X-Ray Emitting Ejecta of Supernova Remnant N132D

The brightest supernova remnant in the Magellanic Clouds, N132D, belongs to the rare class of oxygen-rich remnants, about a dozen objects that show optical emission from pure heavy-element ejecta. They originate in explosions of massive stars that produce large amounts of O, although only a tiny fraction of that O is found to emit at optical wavelengths. We report the detection of substantial amounts of O at X-ray wavelengths in a recent 100 ks Chandra ACIS observation of N132D. A comparison between subarcsecond-resolution Chandra and Hubble images reveals a good match between clumpy X-ray and optically emitting ejecta on large (but not small) scales. Ejecta spectra are dominated by strong lines of He- and H-like O; they exhibit substantial spatial variations partially caused by patchy absorption within the LMC. Because optical ejecta are concentrated in a 5 pc radius elliptical expanding shell, the detected ejecta X-ray emission also originates in this shell.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, ApJ Letters, in pres

A versatile electrostatic trap

A four electrode electrostatic trap geometry is demonstrated that can be used to combine a dipole, quadrupole and hexapole field. A cold packet of 15ND3 molecules is confined in both a purely quadrupolar and hexapolar trapping field and additionally, a dipole field is added to a hexapole field to create either a double-well or a donut-shaped trapping field. The profile of the 15ND3 packet in each of these four trapping potentials is measured, and the dependence of the well-separation and barrier height of the double-well and donut potential on the hexapole and dipole term are discussed.Comment: submitted to pra; 7 pages, 9 figure

Operationalisation of a biopsychosocial approach for the non-pharmacological management of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

Background Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a major health concern. The biopsychosocial approach is an evidence-based approach recommended for managing chronic musculoskeletal pain. However, the evidence for this approach is largely reported from high-income countries; therefore, it is important to ascertain how biopsychosocial approaches are operationalised in low- and middle-income countries to inform practice. Aim To examine the evidence for the operationalization of biopsychosocial interventions in managing patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain in low-and middle-income countries. Methods The search included studies published in English from 2008 to September 2019 in: Cochrane library, OVID, CINAHL, Scopus, PUBMED, Web of Science, and SportDiscus. Randomised and non-randomised trials using a biopsychosocial intervention were considered. The review team developed a search strategy; two independent reviewers screened and assessed results for quality. Results Sixteen studies were included (n = 996) with mainly low back pain populations (n = 11 studies). Others were osteoarthritis (n = 1) and other musculoskeletal pain (n = 4). The majority (n = 12) of studies attained fair to poor quality, three had good quality, one scored excellent quality. Interventions applied biopsychosocial principles such as cognitive functional therapy, and graded activity, delivered by healthcare professionals such as physiotherapists and doctors. However, most results provided insufficient information regarding healthcare professionals' capacity to deliver interventions, lack of information regarding intervention delivery and training of healthcare professionals. Conclusions The results highlight the potential for delivering biopsychosocial interventions in low- and middle-income countries; however, future research should consider robust methodological approaches with clear details to achieve high-quality trials

Comparison of two abrasives for rigid contact lens modification

Comparison of two abrasives for rigid contact lens modificatio

Analisis Value Added Tingkat Pendapatan dan Kesempatan Kerja USAha Pengupasan Bawang Merah di Kota Medan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketersediaan input produksi, biaya tetap, biaya variabel, nilai tambah, kesempatan kerja, pengaruh jumlah bahan baku, harga beli, harga jual jumlah tenaga kerja, dan jumlah produksi terhadap pendapatan pengusaha, pengaruh jumlah bawang merah kupas terhadap pendapatan pekerja dan kendala-kendala apasaja yang dihadapi serta upaya yang dilakukan dalam USAha pengupasan bawang merah. Lokasi penelitian ditetapkan secara sengaja dengan pertimbangan di Kota Medan, Kelurahan Pandauhulu Hilir, terdapat pengusaha dan pekerja pengupas bawang merah. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode sensus untuk pengusaha dan simple random sampling untuk pekerja pengupasan bawang merah. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan rumus value added dan secara statistik menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Ketersediaan input produksi cukup tersedia, (2) Biaya variabel lebih besar dari biaya tetap, (3) Rata-rata nilai tambah sebesar Rp. 2.100.227.000 dengan rata-rata Rp. 70.007.566,7 per siklus USAha, (4) Pengusaha bawang merah lebih banyak menggunakan tenaga kerja dari luar keluar keluarga (TKLK) dibanding tenaga kerja dalam keluarga (TKDK), (5) Rata-rata pendapatan pengusaha bawang merah kupas sebesar Rp. 62.710.975 per siklus USAha, (6) Jumlah bahan baku, harga beli, harga jual, jumlah tenaga kerja dan jumlah produksi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan pengusaha bawang merah kupas, (7)Jjumlah bawang merah kupas berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan pekerja dan (8) Masalah yang dihadapi pengusaha adalah lokasi USAha yang kurang nyaman, adanya kutipan tidak resmi, pelanggan yang tidak membayar tunai dan adanya persaingan harga. Sedangkan masalah yang dihadapi pekerja adalah upah yang diterima dibawah UMR Kota Medan dan lingkungan bekerja yang kurang nyaman

An AC electric trap for ground-state molecules

We here report on the realization of an electrodynamic trap, capable of trapping neutral atoms and molecules in both low-field and high-field seeking states. Confinement in three dimensions is achieved by switching between two electric field configurations that have a saddle-point at the center of the trap, i.e., by alternating a focusing and a defocusing force in each direction. AC trapping of 15ND3 molecules is experimentally demonstrated, and the stability of the trap is studied as a function of the switching frequency. A 1 mK sample of 15ND3 molecules in the high-field seeking component of the |J,K>=|1,1> level, the ground-state of para-ammonia, is trapped in a volume of about 1 mm^3